Project Management Processes in Organizations-Phase 4 Discussion Board Essay

Project Management Processes in Organizations-Phase 4 Discussion Board - Essay Example Whether or not this project provided value to the business was not given much thought by the project managers. However, because of spread of IT and globalization, the competition for business has increased rapidly and the businesses have become very vulnerable now. A product may be successful one day and the next day, it might be a failure. Therefore, the businesses may only survive if they convince their customers that they are providing value to their customer by dealing with social, ethical and business issues effectively. (Ashley Johnson-McGlashan) It is the job of project managers to ensure that their project’s objectives are aligned with the long term goals of the organization. Otherwise, both will get affected negatively. The company I used to work for manufactured clothes. It was known to be socially responsible in all their operations and this gave the company a competitive advantage by making its brand image superior to their competitor’s. The customer base of the business was expanding rapidly and the company needed to expand itself. A project was proposed in which it was suggested that the labor intensive factories must be made completely automated. This would make the production process cost efficient and would save a lot of time. The project involved a large scale change in the production method of factory and this meant making the employees that were no longer required redundant. The company executives were not informed about this aspect of the project because the project team knew that the company would not agree to it and hence would not support the project. The company executives approved of the project without giving much thought to dismissal of their employees. The project was ini tiated as soon as it was approved. The start up cost of the project was very high therefore, in order to save costs; the project team dismissed 60 percent of the factory staff without arranging a compensation of any sort. These employees went on

David Malouf Essay Example for Free

David Malouf Essay David George Joseph Malouf (born 1934) is an Australian writer. He was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 2000, his 1993 novel Remembering Babylon won the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award in 1996, he won the inaugural Australia-Asia Literary Award in 2008, and he was shortlisted for the Booker Prize. Malouf was born in Brisbane, Australia, to a Christian Lebanese father and an English- Jewish mother. He was an avid reader as a child, and at 12 years old was reading such books as Bleak House and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame. [2] These books, he says, taught him about sex: They told you there was a life out there that was amazingly passionate. He is a graduated at Queensland University in 1955 where he lecture for a short period of time before moving to London. There he spent some years teaching but in 1968 he decided to return to Australia and lectured at the university of Sydney where he spend most of his time. He became a full-time writer in 1978. Carreer Many people when asked about Malouf first writings think of Johnno what is his first novel wrote in 1975, but the truth is that his first writing was his 1974 collection, Neighbours in a Thicket: Poems that first earned him a reputation as a significant new Australian talent. Winning various prizes, including the Australian Literature Society Gold Medal, the book draws heavily on Maloufs own past. Neighbours in a Thicket: Poems comprises intimate memories of suburban childhood, of domestic interiors, of mother, sister and the War, of travel in Europe. * His first novel, Johnno (1975), is the semi-autobiographical tale of a young man growing up in Brisbane during the Second World War, a period in Maloufs life that he later wrote about in his memoir. * His second novel, An Imaginary Life (1978), is a fictional life of the poet Ovid, exiled from Rome by the Emperor Augustus in 8 A.D. and sent to live in exile among the Scythians on the Black Sea * In 1982, his novella about three acquaintances and their experience of World War I, Fly Away Peter, won The Age Book of the Year fiction prize. This book sees a return to wartime Australia and Queensland. Ashley Crowther has inherited land from his grandfather, but soon begins to realise that the place really belongs to Jim Saddler, the manager of the estate. Like so many of Maloufs narratives, it returns us to his central themes of possession and dispossession and of Europes complex relationship to Australia. * The Great World (1990), which won the Commonwealth Writers Prize (Overall Winner, Best Book) and tells the story of two Australians imprisoned by the Japanese during the Second World War; represents a turning point in the career of Malouf, whose work has become increasingly popular since the 1980s. While the text pursues much the same subject matter as his earlier novels, it does so on a much broader and more compelling canvas. The novel represents one of Maloufs most ambitious works to date. An epic tale, it combines intimate descriptions of Australias varied landscape, from Sydneys teeming Kings Cross to the tranquil backwaters of the Hawkesbury River while managing to imaginatively encompass the whole of Australia, and the world of Europe beyond. Spanning almost a century, The Great World takes The Great War, along with all those other wars in which Australia has fought in order to re-tell the countrys history. * And the acclaimed Remembering Babylon (1993), which was shortlisted for the Booker Prize for Fiction and won the first International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award in 1996, as well as the Commonwealth Writers Prize (South East Asia and South Pacific Region, Best Book). Remembering Babylon (1993), probably Maloufs best known novel is set in 19th-century Australia, and tells the story of a young boy (Gemmy Fairley), a castaway who is rescued and taken in by aborigines. As an adult, Gemmy comes into contact with a group of European settlers and is taken in by the McIvor family. However, he is never completely accepted by the settler community: both insider and outsider, familiar yet foreign, he arouses both the desires and distrust of his people. Most disturbing of all, Gemmy no longer feels at home in his own body. He has become an in-between figure; a hybrid. Since the turn of the century, much of Maloufs major work has adopted and adapted the short story form. His critically acclaimed collection of short stories, Dream Stuff (2000), Malouf brings together a diverse range of narratives dealing with Australia over the past century. Many of these tales approach their subjects obliquely through myths, dreams and hauntings. As with so much of his best work though, they are also firmly grounded in the physical spaces of the Australian landscape.

Lives of Girls and Women: Curiosity by Alice Munro Essay -- del jordan,

The process in which human beings advance through different stages in their life towards adulthood is highly hellacious. Moreover, it is very likely that one might encounter some difficulty in this progression. However, it is in human nature that we learn by failing at things, then mastering them by repeating them again and again. In the novel Lives of Girls and Women, Alice Munroe presents the life of Del Jordan in a very interesting way. The novel is divided into eight stages of Del’s life, where she experiences different scenarios which ultimately give her a better understanding of life. Even though being curious has its pros and cons, at the end of the day it leads to the enhancement of a person’s inner self. In the novel Lives of Girls and Women, Del the protagonist can be analyzed as being a very enthusiastic girl. Moreover, her curiosity proves to be a dynamic benefit of her actions. Firstly, as an individual develops, it is normal for one to be very keen. Moreover, the enthusiasm leads one to being curious and wanting to learn new things. During the early stages of Del’s life, her curiosity is reflecting with her interest on the life of Uncle Benny. She narrates his life in Flat Roads and presents Benny as an eccentric character who is single, likes to hunt at the pond, and lives in an extremely unorganized way. â€Å"So lying alongside our world was Uncle Benny’s world like a troubling distorted reflection† (Munro 22). This quote explicitly shows the interest Del maintains on the troublesome life of Uncle Benny as she analyzes his characteristics and the many obstacles he faces in life. For instance, due to the fact the Benny was unorganized and needed someone to look after his house, he came up with an idea of marrying a woma... ... questioned gravity when an apple dropped on his head. This led to the discovery of physics that we study in schools today. However, too much curiosity is not good as well. Like they say â€Å"Curiosity killed the Cat† Del develops interests on topics regarding intercourse and gets sexually harassed by a man much older than her. All in all, we all should remember that curiosity is good if it is used in topics that would not cause great harm to you. As a human it is okay to be curious. What do you think? Is too much curiosity bad? Is Del right for being so curious? Works Cited Munro, Alice. Lives of Girls and Women. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. January, 1974. Book. Stafford, Tom. "Why Are We so Curious?" BBC Health. BBC, 19 Jan. 2012. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. Rey, H. A. "Curious George - The Original Story (1941)." YouTube. YouTube, 23 May 2012. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.

Eulogy for Son :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Son The Death of a Child †¦ Not many people realize that the death of a child is NOT in accordance to God’s NORMAL scheme of things. It is unnatural. God did not mean for a child to go first. A child buries the parent. Not the parent buries the child. Most people do NOT experience the pain and devastation of the death of a child. And I truly hope no parent will ever feel the death of their child because they do not deserve it. The pain and devastation are indescribable †¦ and single persons – and even parents – will never feel this devastation until they experience losing a child themselves. If you love your child, the death of your child is more painful than the death of any of your loved ones, including one’s own parents. And because of this devastation, I do not wish this pain even to my enemies. I have felt the pain of the loss of a Sister; have felt the pain of the death of my Mother, and felt the death of my Father. I know how it feels. I experienced it. It is painful, looking at those old kind folks who bore you; who took care of you; went through all kinds of sacrifices and pains just to look after you for years and years, until one day the child stood on one’s own two feet, and then †¦ there they are, the parents, helpless and lifeless in front of you. Minou, Cyrus’ Mother, describes the death of her Father as a deep stab, like a bullet in the heart that pierces the body deeply. The deaths of my Sister, of my Mother and my Father were like Minou’s Father’s death, deep, painful, sad †¦ Then, the pain and sadness are gone. They remain a fond memory of the good things we did together. Our deaths as parents would be something like this. Mostly the fond memories of things we did together; and that as parents and as a family, we did what we had to do. We as parents have become older, and we lived our lives. It is now our Children’s turn to live theirs and hope, as parents, we did most of what we had to do as God had wished us. When we return to our Creator, it’s okay because we lived our lives †¦ we have fulfilled our lives.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Giant Lorenz Bernie â€Å"Ecstasy of Saint Teresa† I chose Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernie because it is an impressive multi-media installation that helps me understand the intense experience of Saint Thresher's visions. Four black marble columns frame the scene of Saint Theresa floating as if on a cloud as a playful angel is about to plunge an arrow repeatedly into her. Her face portrays a feeling of intense pain and pleasure as she accepts the glory and light of her lord. Heavenly light is shining down on them. Through the use of natural light shining down from an unseen mystical source.Brass reflective rods are lined up in a row opening up towards the couple further signifying the beauty and grace of the light. From both sides of the main characters a viewer then notices a seated audience relief carved out of marble. The audience seems to be captivated by the untraditional portrayal of god like visions. The marble is so beautifully carved to render flesh and the texture o f clothing. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is equally frightening and stunning; reflecting the religion it represents. This piece is a perfect example of Baroque sculpture. A common characteristic ofBaroque art is including the audience into the work. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa does this by way of the theater windows. The relief of witnesses within these windows gives the sense that all of this is happening on a stage, and the audience is thus placed in orchestral seats in front of the stage. This includes the viewers into the work and justifies the drama portrayed theatrically in front of us. The scene portrayed here is an intense one. Seeing the look on Saint Teeter's face shows fear, pain, and pleasure. This is Juxtaposed with the look of calm playfulness on the angels face as he threatens her with the arrow.Natural light bathes both the figures in a holy light that implies a sense of realism to the existence of God. The emotional impression the piece implies is very characteristic of Baro que art. One can imagine the pious traveling great distances to be brought down on their knees by Bering's instillation. Bernie was a master in working with marble. The articulate depiction of different weights of cloth is impressive. Saint Teresa is dressed in a heavy textile that weighs her down in the earthly sense. The angel is lifted into the heavens by his silky clothing that moves easily in the breeze.He shows off more of his craftsmanship by way of the balcony windows. There is an illusion of continued space beyond what we can see. Bernie also includes a stylized classical pediment. This pediment is cleverly utilized to hide a window that lets in the natural light that is focused on the centerpiece. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa was created using Marble, gilded brass, natural light, and architectural elements to create a whole composition. This makes Bering's epic depiction the first multimedia installation that predates the popularization of the art form by 3 centuries. Gian Lorenzo Bernini Giant Lorenz Bernie â€Å"Ecstasy of Saint Teresa† I chose Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernie because it is an impressive multi-media installation that helps me understand the intense experience of Saint Thresher's visions. Four black marble columns frame the scene of Saint Theresa floating as if on a cloud as a playful angel is about to plunge an arrow repeatedly into her. Her face portrays a feeling of intense pain and pleasure as she accepts the glory and light of her lord. Heavenly light is shining down on them. Through the use of natural light shining down from an unseen mystical source.Brass reflective rods are lined up in a row opening up towards the couple further signifying the beauty and grace of the light. From both sides of the main characters a viewer then notices a seated audience relief carved out of marble. The audience seems to be captivated by the untraditional portrayal of god like visions. The marble is so beautifully carved to render flesh and the texture o f clothing. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is equally frightening and stunning; reflecting the religion it represents. This piece is a perfect example of Baroque sculpture. A common characteristic ofBaroque art is including the audience into the work. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa does this by way of the theater windows. The relief of witnesses within these windows gives the sense that all of this is happening on a stage, and the audience is thus placed in orchestral seats in front of the stage. This includes the viewers into the work and justifies the drama portrayed theatrically in front of us. The scene portrayed here is an intense one. Seeing the look on Saint Teeter's face shows fear, pain, and pleasure. This is Juxtaposed with the look of calm playfulness on the angels face as he threatens her with the arrow.Natural light bathes both the figures in a holy light that implies a sense of realism to the existence of God. The emotional impression the piece implies is very characteristic of Baro que art. One can imagine the pious traveling great distances to be brought down on their knees by Bering's instillation. Bernie was a master in working with marble. The articulate depiction of different weights of cloth is impressive. Saint Teresa is dressed in a heavy textile that weighs her down in the earthly sense. The angel is lifted into the heavens by his silky clothing that moves easily in the breeze.He shows off more of his craftsmanship by way of the balcony windows. There is an illusion of continued space beyond what we can see. Bernie also includes a stylized classical pediment. This pediment is cleverly utilized to hide a window that lets in the natural light that is focused on the centerpiece. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa was created using Marble, gilded brass, natural light, and architectural elements to create a whole composition. This makes Bering's epic depiction the first multimedia installation that predates the popularization of the art form by 3 centuries.

Native Son essays

Native Son essays During the 1930s few Americans (whites in particular) were unaware of the side effects of racism on the black population in America. The constant barrage of racist propaganda and racial oppression that blacks like Bigger Thomas faced while growing up inexorably damaged them psychologically. In Biggers case, he saw whites as wealthy and sophisticated beings while he and his poverty stricken family lived in a small, cramped apartment, with little possibility for education. Movies he saw rendered whites as civilized and prosperous people while blacks were depicted as jungle savages. This same wave of racism was not only detrimental to blacks, but whites as well in that it prevented them from realizing the inherent element of humanity within those groups that they oppressed. Most whites fell to racism and the sense of superiority that misled them to seeing blacks as sublevel humans. Throughout Native Son, Richard Wright presents to the reader not only the social but also the psycho logical effects of racism on both the oppressed and the oppressor. The blacks basic thoughts, at this point, were substantially flawed and damaged. Persistent pressure from the oppressors racism forced blacks into a pressured and dangerous state of mind. Blacks were plagued with the hardship of economic oppression and forced to act obsequiously towards their white oppressors. As a result of their living conditions, Biggers attitude toward whites becomes a combination of both anger and fear. Instead of seeing whites as people, Bigger conceives them as an overpowering and antagonistic force that he must push against in fear of his life. Accordingly, Bigger does not distinguish between individual whites; to him they are all the same, frightening and conniving. This fear, anger, and perception of the white population cause Bigger to feel absolutely no guilt after the accidental killing of Mary Dalton. In fact, Bigger ...

Thomas Woodrow Wilson Essays - Presidency Of Woodrow Wilson

Thomas Woodrow Wilson Essays - Presidency Of Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson, twenty-eighth president of the United States, might have suffered from dyslexia. He never could read easily, but developed a strong power of concentration and a near-photographic memory. The outbreak of World War I coincided with the death of Wilson's first wife Ellen Axson, who he was passionately devoted to. Seven months after her death his friends introduced him to Edith Bolling Galt, a descendant of the Indian princess Pocahontas, they were married nine months later. By 1912 times were good for most Americans. Farmers were enjoying their most prosperous period in living memory, the cost of living rose slightly, unemployment was lower than it had been for several years, and working conditions were improving. By 1913 when Wilson was inaugurated, American industries were in a flood of consumer goods, including automobiles, telephones, and movies. However, Wilson almost did not appear on the presidential ballot, the leading contender for the Democratic nomination was House Speaker Champ Clark. It took 46 ballots before the delegates swung to Wilson. In the election, the Republicans were split between Taft and Roosevelt, almost guaranteeing a Democratic, and Wilson victory. He sought ways to build patriotism and to reshape the federal government to govern the nation more effectively. Wilson was a conservative, in his books and articles, he often displayed hostility to reformers and rebels. Although Woodrow Wilson is mostly remembered for his success in foreign affairs, his domestic reform and leadership abilities are notable as well. Commemorated by the public mainly for his success in guiding the nation during it's first great modern war, World War I, for getting out of the Mexico/Philippine muddle inherited from ex-president Taft, and for his dream of ending the threat of future wars through the League of Nations, Wilson is also admired for his domestic successes, which represented the Progressive Era of reform. Diplomatically, as well as domestically these events illustrate Wilsons competent leadership skill. Woodrow Wilsons nomination was strongly opposed by the progressives but he eventually passed much of their domestic reforming legislation. The progressive movement backed by Wilson called for some government control of industry and for regulation of railroad and public utilities. Among its other goals were the adoption of primary elections and the direct election of United States senators. Wilson called Congress into special session to consider a new tariff bill, he personally delivered his legislative request to Congress. Moved by Wilson's aggressive leadership, the House swiftly passed the first important reform measure, the Underwood Tariff Bill of 1913, which significantly reduced the tariff for the first time in many years and reflected a new awareness that American businesses were now powerful enough to compete in the markets of the world. In the end the Underwood Tariff had nothing to do with trade but the importance was the income tax provision (later the 16th amendment) which would replace the revenue lost when duties were reduced. It also showed that America was powerful enough to compete without protection from the government. As Congress debated the tariff bill, Wilson presented his program for reform of the banking and currency laws. The nations banking system was outdated, unmanageable, and chaotic. To fix this Wilson favored the establishment of a Federal Reserve Board with presidentally appointed financial experts. The Board would set national interest rates and manage a network of twelve major banks across the country. These banks, which would issue currency, would in turn work with local banks. Congress passed the Federal Reserve act basically in the form the President had recommended. Amendments also provided for exclusive governmental control of the Federal Reserve Board and for short term agricultural credit through the reserve banks. This was one of the most notable domestic achievements of the Wilson administration which modernized the nations banking and currency systems, laying the basis for federal management of the economy and providing the legal basis for an effective national banking system. The final major item on Wilsons domestic agenda was the reform of big business. Big businesses worked against the public by fixing prices and restraining competition. Business and politics worked together, and Wilson sought to stop that. Determined to accept big business as an inevitable, but to control its abuses and to maintain an open door of opportunity for "the genius which springs up from the ranks of unknown men,"1 Wilsons hoped to curb big business. He thought that government should intervene in the regulation of business, and that it was essential to control corporate behavior to prevent corporations from stifling opportunities for creative and ambitious people. Business

buy custom Epidemiology essay

buy custom Epidemiology essay There have been controversies on whether or not HPV vaccine should be mandated in public schools. There are those individuals who argue that mandating this vaccine in public schools will lead to girls engaging in more risky behaviors. Others oppose, arguing that these drugs are expensive. In addition, the opponents of this program are always concerned with the parents reaction towards mandating HPV vaccine. They argue that there is a likelihood of parents refusing to advocate for the introduction of this vaccine in public schools. The truth is that mandating this vaccine can be of great help, especially to a large population of girls who are vulnerable to being infected with sexually transmitted infections. It is true that abstinence is the best method of ensuring that one does not contract sexually transmitted diseases. Those who oppose mandating HPV vaccine should remember that abstinence can never protect one against involuntary rape. Another issue to consider is that as much as a woman can try her best in abstaining from sexual intercourse till marriage, it is impossible to prevent infection in case she encounters an infected husband. The above factors prove that women are more vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases than men; therefore, it is important to mandate HPV vaccine in public schools in order to ensure their health (Cully, 2010) Research has indicated that the enforcement of primary and secondary seatbelt laws have played an important role in reducing the occurrence of motor vehicle injuries and fatalities. Primary enforcement of these laws helps police authorities to be able to arrest violators of this law hence promoting road safety. Epidemiological studies played an important role in the enforcement of seat belt laws. This is because it was through these studies that the effectiveness of both primary and secondary laws could be analyzed and, therefore, enforced. In addition, these studies helped in analyzing different socio-demographic characteristics that greatly influence safety belt law. Research has indicated that primary laws prove to be more effective than secondary laws. A study carried out in 50 states indicated that the use of primary safety belt laws leads to 85% safety among motor vehicle users. 74% was the safety rate in states that implemented secondary laws (Hawkins, 2011). Buy custom Epidemiology essay

(choose one from the films or novel (1)Monica Ali's Brick Lane Essay

(choose one from the films or novel (1)Monica Ali's Brick Lane (2)Andrea Levy's Small Island Movies (3) Dirty Pretty Things - Essay Example As cultures influenced one another, social thought has changed and evolved, creating a connectivity between location and philosophical social construct. Geography and Culture Simply put, geographical location does not provide the context that is needed to understand a culture. Cultural identity is formed by the family and community that influences the philosophical thought of an individual, which is then expanded through the influences that press upon those ideals in order to shift and morph them into new concepts of world understanding. It must be understood that these influences begin to filter through a culture, changing it and evolving the socialization that occurs through each generation. In other words, migration becomes a part of the identity of everyone within a culture. The transnational links that occur as migration becomes relevant to the existence of socio-economic stability, or at least to the increases to unstable socio-economic circumstances, must be recognized for the ir relevance to the moving to locations that represent new opportunities. Colonialism provided for both the destruction of social systems and the introduction of Western ideals in such a way as to transform the socio-economic structures of the regions in which the British Empire stretched its rule. Through the destruction of relatively isolated cultures with the imposition of Western ideals that took land and valuable resources away from the indigenous populations, the expansion into global concepts of social integration was sometimes the only way in which to find new ways in which to live and thrive within the human existence. The reach of the British Empire through colonization created a mobile workforce that still exists through the effects of that colonization effort that imposed the will of the British people on those whose power was not such to stop their expansions. As an example, the Bangladeshis are still under the influence of the migration that was imposed upon them as th eir people were shifted for the value of their labour to other locations, this sense of dislocating from their home origin now a natural part of their socio-economic structure. An average of 200,000 people leave Bangladesh annually, searching for Western methods of survival that have changed the stability of their originating methods of sustaining their life. Approximately one million people who have migrated from Bangladesh and currently live in other countries through legal immigration currently send 3.8 billion back into the country, their transactions coming from a shifting number of geographical locations much of it represents the proceeds from migrant and nomadic workers who follow the work (Wemyss 2009). One of the time periods in which migration from colonized cultures spiked was post-World War II. The British Nationality Act of 1948 honored the nations that had provided soldiers for the British war efforts in giving them status as ’commonwealth citizens’, whic h was not a new status, but one that was officially recognized with the act. While there were appreciated differences between British subjects and ’

Company Valuation Model and Application On Royal Bank of Scotland Plc Essay

Company Valuation Model and Application On Royal Bank of Scotland Plc - Essay Example This dissertation will document comprehensively the current generally accepted concepts and methodologies of company valuation techniques. In addition, it will be my endeavor to propose an integrated model in which the investors can apply data and information and evaluate the company value with a reasonable level of accuracy.This dissertation will document comprehensively the current generally accepted concepts and methodologies of company valuation techniques. In addition, it will be my endeavor to propose an integrated model in which the investors can apply data and information and evaluate the company value with a reasonable level of accuracy.In this dissertation, an effort has been made to address the problems related to the methodology of valuations that have been adopted recently to predict the net worth of companies. The current financial valuation techniques of a company primarily comprise of four methods; †¢ Asset based valuation (that includes tangible and non-tangible assets),  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Income based valuation,  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Market-based valuation, and  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Cash flow based valuation.  All four methods result in different ways of thinking and often in different valuations. The investors normally do not understand which method is more suitable for them to use for making the most informed investment decisions and hence trust the methods that are generally adopted and presented by the rating agencies and performance evaluation agencies operating in the markets.

English law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

English law - Essay Example ?s populace from unexpected data losses, as a matter of fact the largest data loss ever recorded in history which occurred on the inauspicious 21st of November 2007 was within the United Kingdom itself, and that too by the inappropriate management by government’s recruits themselves; within this data breach hefty information which encompassed the bank and employment details of more than 25 million Britons was lost. The data also included personal information about many renowned and wealthy personalities. (Hines, ONeill, & Blakely, 2007) Very soon after the data theft incident the Times reported another scandal where the missiles triggered by the ICO had missed by a continent as the report reveals that about 100 hacker websites were candidly selling off Bank details and secret PIN numbers (Mostrous & Kennedy, 2007). This report triggered off yet another tittle-tattle and directly questioned the ostensible â€Å"complexity† of the Data Protection Act. This report specifically focuses on the data protection policies for Banks and their Customers; this also includes avowals in various litigations such as the case of Bavarian Lager Co Ltd. v Commission of the European Communities. At the outset, it is to be declared that the Data Protection Act specifically focuses on the prevention of all sorts of data for living beings, may that be Bank details; personal info such as marital status, age, etc.; profession info; or last but not least secure data. Thus it is clear that the prime focus of Data Protection Act primarily places preference for the customer. As a matter of fact the Data Protection Act in the U.K. is known to be the most austere amongst similar laws in any other part of the world. The author would like to address this case because this created results that were the basic foundations of the data protection and information transfer procedures: The Basis of this case was negligence in clarifying the bank’s policies, this led to the outburst of the so called

Cloud Computing Energy Efficiency Research Proposal - 1

Cloud Computing Energy Efficiency - Research Proposal Example result, companies have been moving their operations such as emails, word processing and spreadsheets as well as CRM to the cloud in order to server energy [5]. Generally, the concerns regarding the environmental impacts as well as the energy needs of data centers such as the cloud has been growing with the exponential increase in data centers. Consequently, the potential gains in energy efficiency by moving the software of businesses to the cloud are largely attributed to the fact that the data centers and servers currently hosting cloud services are significantly more efficient and green than the IT infrastructure that is currently used by most companies [8]. These energy savings are particularly significant for smaller companies which often tend to possess some of the most inefficient IT services. Despite the general agreement that cloud computing is currently more efficient than many of its alternatives, the implementation of cloud computing has faced a number of power and energy consumption concerns particularly with regard to the power and energy consumed by the modern cloud computing systems and data center equipment as well as the connected cooling systems [5]. The energy is mainly consumed when transporting the required data from the users to the cloud data centers and then back. Data centers currently consume nearly 1.4% of the entire global electrical energy with an average growth rate of 12% annually [11]. Skeptics argue that the greenhouse gas production associated with the power consumption at data centers is will double in the near future if the current popularity of cloud services continues. Moreover, the high consumption of power also often results in the release of heat which may further cause energy inefficiencies due to increased amount of energy required for removing the heat(cooling) as well as the high probability of hardware system failures [1]. Another potential cloud computing energy efficiency problem is the increasing greenhouse gas

Cause and Effect Essay (Affirmative Action) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cause and Effect (Affirmative Action) - Essay Example Affirmative action can be considered one of the most effective means of reversing the injustices that were caused by the centuries-old discrimination against people from minority groups as well as women. It can also be said that it is a means through which the white dominated fields in the United States can be leveled to include minority groups. Despite the institution of affirmative action in our nation, however, the legacy of racism and racism still lives on and this is despite those gains, which were made by the Civil Rights Movement. The opportunities available for those who were previously excluded remain very few and this is one of the reasons that affirmative action is still very much needed today. It has been seen that black people are nearly twice as likely to get employment as white people are and this is despite the fact of the presence of Affirmative action. Not only is the unemployment rate higher among minority groups when compared to whites, these groups have been show n to earn much less than what their white counterparts earn. There tends to be very little likelihood of either black or Latino men to be given employment as managers or, as professionals, therefore, these are more likely to get jobs, which only involve labor. This also applies to women who have to work much harder and for lesser pay than their male counterparts do in order to get positions of authority (Phelan 376). To correct this, more needs to be done to ensure that such inequalities do not persist in American society so that the gap that has existed between the different groups for centuries get to be filled and the dream of equality becomes a reality. The main purpose of affirmative action is the promotion of fairness and equality in American society. In the United States, what is popularly known as the American dream is always framed as a race in which the swiftest people always win (Lawson 281). This is a very wrong impression of the American Dream because not everybody in t he United States started at the same level considering that minorities tended to be excluded from some of the most important aspects of American life. Therefore, Affirmative action exists in order to ensure that everybody in American society starts from the same level so that all can achieve their dreams fairly. Therefore, it does not give an advantage to the minorities in discrimination of white people and instead, it is meant to correct those practices, which had conspired to keep minorities behind while others continued with their advancement in society. Affirmative action is in reality a policy of inclusion whose purpose is to ensure that all people have an equal chance to compete in making their dreams and aspirations come true. Previously, minority groups were completely excluded from the majority of economic activities in the United States except for those who were considered labor intensive. Moreover, these groups were rarely ever accepted in the mainstream American life unt il after the institution of Affirmative action. From its very beginning, there has been opposition towards it with those against it stating that it is giving an unfair advantage to minority groups over other people. They further state that affirmative action goes against the spirit of the American Constitution due to the fact

Cloud Computing Energy Efficiency Research Proposal - 1

Cloud Computing Energy Efficiency - Research Proposal Example result, companies have been moving their operations such as emails, word processing and spreadsheets as well as CRM to the cloud in order to server energy [5]. Generally, the concerns regarding the environmental impacts as well as the energy needs of data centers such as the cloud has been growing with the exponential increase in data centers. Consequently, the potential gains in energy efficiency by moving the software of businesses to the cloud are largely attributed to the fact that the data centers and servers currently hosting cloud services are significantly more efficient and green than the IT infrastructure that is currently used by most companies [8]. These energy savings are particularly significant for smaller companies which often tend to possess some of the most inefficient IT services. Despite the general agreement that cloud computing is currently more efficient than many of its alternatives, the implementation of cloud computing has faced a number of power and energy consumption concerns particularly with regard to the power and energy consumed by the modern cloud computing systems and data center equipment as well as the connected cooling systems [5]. The energy is mainly consumed when transporting the required data from the users to the cloud data centers and then back. Data centers currently consume nearly 1.4% of the entire global electrical energy with an average growth rate of 12% annually [11]. Skeptics argue that the greenhouse gas production associated with the power consumption at data centers is will double in the near future if the current popularity of cloud services continues. Moreover, the high consumption of power also often results in the release of heat which may further cause energy inefficiencies due to increased amount of energy required for removing the heat(cooling) as well as the high probability of hardware system failures [1]. Another potential cloud computing energy efficiency problem is the increasing greenhouse gas

Poetry Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poetry Analysis - Research Paper Example Take the church money out and head cross town to my friend girl's house where we plan our round. We meet our men and go to a joint where the music is blue and to the point. Folks write about me. They just can't see how I work all week at the factory. Then get spruced up and laugh and dance And turn away from worry with sassy glance. They accuse me of livin' from day to day, but who are they kiddin'? So are they. My life ain't heaven but it sure ain't hell. I'm not on top but I call it swell if I'm able to work and get paid right and have the luck to be Black on a Saturday night.   Interpretation & Analysis: Being the most visible voice among contemporary African American women, Maya Angelou’s works deal with subjects such as racism, sexism, civil rights, etc. She has also embraced various literary forms and genres to convey her creative thoughts. While ‘I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings’ and its sequels are autobiographical novels, she has also written numerous pl ays and poems. Her poems are known for their rhyme, metric and the tone of informality. The poem chosen for this analysis is titled Weekend Glory, a discussion of which follows. Weekend Glory is, in short, a celebration of work and life and the ideal balance between the two. Angelou contends that many people slog away at their office desks on weekdays and beyond, only because they lend themselves to be participants of a consumerist culture. For example, they buy expensive condo apartments, luxurious cars, etc, which places them in a perpetual debt cycle. The lines â€Å"posin’ and preenin’; and puttin’ on acts† conveys the author’s attitude toward such people, whom she sees as being ignorant and having misplaced values. Driven by an anxiety to move up socially, they seem to lose out on innocent joys of a simpler lifestyle. The author contrasts this typical modern lifestyle to her own life as a factory worker. While admitting that her own standard o f living is not top notch, she asserts that she lives a more colorful life than those fixated with career advancement. And nothing captures the author’s sense of success than her forays across town during the weekends – she gets her hair done, meets up with her friends, goes to a bar and enjoys the music and the experience there. This way she could spruce herself up for the new week of work at the factory. This sort of weekend glory may only be a consolation for the monotonous, boring nature of work awaiting her at the factory, but at least she revels in its rewards. More importantly, she is free of debt or illusion – which usually results from constantly comparing oneself with the Joneses. As for the technical aspects of the poem, it is written in a tight, compact form. This is typical of Angelou’s poetic works, which take after African American musical-lyrical tradition. The lines are short and crisp and are rhythmical throughout. But the size of stanza s are not consistent, ranging from 2 to 8 lines in length. Angelou usually gives emphasis to tone and flavor in her poems even if it compromises other metrics. And Weekend Glory is no exception to this. The tone is informal yet assertive and succeeds in capturing the author’s intended meaning. The overall effect is one of criticism towards work and careerism, while also showing empathy towards people. Works Cited: Angelou, Maya, Weekend Glory, poem from , first posted in January,

Quality Associates Essay Example for Free

Quality Associates Essay Quality Associates, a consulting firm, advises its clients about sampling and statistical procedures that can be used to control their manufacturing processes. In particular application, a client gave Quality Associates a sample of 800 observations taken during a time in which that client’s process was operating satisfactorily. The sample standard deviation for these data was 0.21; hence with so much data, the population standard deviation was assumed to be 0.21. Quality Associates then suggested that random samples of size 30 be taken periodically to monitor the process on an ongoing basis. By analyzing news samples, the client could quickly learn whether the process was operation satisfactorily. When the process was not operation satisfactorily, corrective action could be taken to eliminate the problem. The design specification indicated the mean for the process should be 12. The hypothesis test suggested by Quality Associates follows. : : Corrective action will be taken any time is rejected. The dataset â€Å"Quality.sav† contains each of four samples, each of size 30, collected at hourly intervals during the first day of operation of the new statistical control procedure. Managerial report 1. Conduct a hypothesis test for each sample at the 0.01 level of significance and determine what action, if any, should be taken. Provide the test statistic and the p-value for each test. 2. Compute the standard deviation for each of the four samples. Does the assumption of 0.21 for the standard deviation appear reasonable? 3. Compute limits for the sample mean Ì… around such that, as long as, a new sample mean is within those limits, the process will be considered to be operation satisfactorily. If Ì… exceeds the upper limit or if below lower limit, corrective action will be taken. These limits are referred to as upper and lower control limits for quality purposes. 4. Discuss the implications of changing the level of significance (ÃŽ ±) to a larger value. What mistakes or error (type I or type II error) could increase if the level of significance is increased?

The Role Of Chief Executive Officer Commerce Essay

The Role Of Chief Executive Officer Commerce Essay I have to make operational and strategic planning where I have to follow certain strategic framework. I have three important operations to perform those are functional improvement, functional excellence, and functional innovation these are the functional strategies of CEO. Strategy is important to be followed in the organization for the systematic and accurate achievement of the companys objective, so I will follow the following strategies. FUNCTIONAL IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY Delivers functional competence- in a solitarily practical area, the administration of the operations in process is attended by the CEO of the company who develops the operations through balancing the build-to-order in a make-to-stock milieu so that the requirements of the customers can be met on time decreasing the lead-time and prolonging the production. Customer service and (Brickley, J. A, 2003,pp.227-233) satisfaction and the prosperity of the business are essential to be balanced. It is very important for me to have operational improvement because VISION of my company is we want the process to be quick, hassle-free and cost-effective. We know youll be more impressed by an advertising campaign that gets your products flying out the door. Our success is based on our ability to design innovative campaigns (Engel, E., R. M, 2003,pp. 197-226) that help our clients stand out in a crowded marketplace. We also aim to keep in mind the fundamental values a company holds. This is the most important functional strategy because there is need to make improvement wherever the need is required in the areas of weakness of the company that is the most effective and efficient method of performance improvement for the company. FUNCTIONAL EXCELLENCE Delivers business competitiveness-in order to accomplish the best presentation, the interior (Engel, E., R. M,2003,pp. 197-226) procedures of the company are to be renovated with the brilliance in the operations. The best in rank is described by the outside information. The company decides the foundation of competition and then the crack between the competition and the actual performance is assessed and precedence is allocated. A harmonized course of modification, coordination and presentation development is required (Brickley, J. A, 2003,pp.227-233) to fill up the crack through many functions. In the operational approach, its brilliance and intensity is the core constituent. I have to have a consistent look on the excellence on the operation of the company, it is very challenging job for me because all board members will be involved in knowing the operational excellence achievement of the Brainz Inc. Functional excellence in what all methods can be achieved can be easily know through distinctive functions of the organization, that is again the biggest challenge for me because our focus is more on ignition of brands. FUNCTIONAL INNOVATION Delivers each and every new (Engel, E., R. M, 2003,pp. 197-226) company on a bare page creates a commanding, game-changing operational mode-an equipped representation. The company employs a differential model or the standard one. There are three causes for the new ventures to open. The effect of each cause is different on the creativity of operational models. Commodity technology product or commodity service basis: in this the Brainz Inc. is most likely to employ the standard operational model, since the cost the proposal of gain over cost is there (Sapienza, H. J, 1994,pp.1618-163) New technology: in this the excellence in the technology is the proposed assessment; therefore the Brainz Inc. will make sure that the employment of the prevailing standard operational model. Competitive operational model: in this the Brainz Inc. usually will undertake the newly created (Murphy, K. J, 1993,pp.273-315) innovative operational model on which the model is based on the profit attainability and achieving of Brainz Inc. objective, since the proposed value is the customer service as well as the cost advantage. On the other hand the already recognized Brainz Inc. Company will enjoy two choices-of immediate reaction. They can either continue with the already employed operational model or (Sapienza, H. J, 1994,pp.1618-163) if necessary they can create even better operating model to face the threat of new entrants in the market. From the above discussion it can be made clear that how does the operation of the work is important and how easily it can be achieved from the organization by the CEO. KEY PERFORMING INDICATORS (KPIs) Adnan Alsilami, I have been appointed as the CEO of Brainz Inc., whose mission statement is to Igniting brands (Murphy, K. J, 1993,pp.273-315) in ways that generate impact and excitement. I have to perform certain KEY PERFORMING INDICATORS (KPIs) roles to archive companys objective and goal. FINANCIAL: It is not for any surprise that I have to make a strong focus on the financial results, whereby insuring all KPIs are achieved effectively and efficiently, where I have to focus more on Net Incomes of the Brainz Inc. where few return on investment will be used. I have to make lots of emphasis on cash management and cost control that is the prime functioning of CEO. MARKETING: I have to make strong recommendations on marketing and PR targets (where brand awareness of our company, targets those are favored, stakeholders interest in the company needs to be developed). I will watch sales number; whenever there is a change in the revenue (Healy, P. M., 1987,pp. 7-34) it is important to have immediate warning in the organization in order to control risk factors. LEADERSHIP: It is important for me to enhance leadership skills and capabilities in the employees of organization so (Healy, P. M., 1987,pp. 7-34) that leadership related issues are solved the command I given to a immediate lower position of CEO, It is very important for me to spend my maximum time in solving these issues. Provide relevant and accurate information The entire discussion in board highly depends on the information provided by CEO. It is important to have (Bushman, R. M., 1996,pp. 161-193) quality and quantity information that has to be delivered to the board so that no relevant as well as accurate information is circulated. The biggest challenge for me will be to provide right information to Abhijit Barthakur (CIO), Jagdish Patil (CTO), Abdul Ahmed E Yakub (CNO), Nafiu Abdulrahman (CKO), Auwal Mohammad (COO) who are the board members of Brainz Inc Company. STRATEGIC PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING The operational along with strategic planning decisions that I will make are entirely based on the assumption; it is again a challenge for me because assumptions made from the past are not (Bushman, R. M., 1996,pp. 161-193) accurate as compared with the future happening. It is very easy to loose credibility with the board while making unrealistic decisions, its important to have focus on decisions. BUDGET AND COST DISTRIBUTION DECISIONS With the board members important and most essential characteristic of mine is to make decisions about the budget which means allocation of cost in different department where CKO, CFO, COO, CTO, CNO will actively participate while laying their strategic (Bushman, R. M., 1996,pp. 161-193) plans for achieving goals of the company as We plan to build strong brand profiles through innovative and ground breaking ideas. By creating buzz and affinity, we are going to infuse traits of innovation and energy into it PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS Once the plans are laid an implemented, the most important part is to make performance analysis (Murphy, K. J, 1993,pp.273-315) of every department of the Brainz Inc. So that wherever there is any inefficiency it can be solved and the departments those are maximizing the profits. Above mentioned are the KPIs of mine, which I need to take care so that goals and objectives are achieved. REFRENCES Brickley, J. A, Empirical research on CEO turnover and firm-performance: A discussion. Journal of Accounting and Economics (December), 2003,pp.227-233 Bushman, R. M., R. J. Indjejikian and A. Smith, CEO compensation: The role of individual performance evaluation. Journal of Accounting and Economics (April), 1996,pp. 161-193 Engel, E., R. M. Hayes and X. Wang, CEO turnover and properties of accounting information. Journal of Accounting and Economics (December), 2003,pp. 197-226 Healy, P. M., S. Kang and K. G. Palepu, The effect of accounting procedure changes on CEOs cash salary and bonus compensation. Journal of Accounting and Economics (April), 1987,pp. 7-34 Murphy, K. J. and J. L. Zimmerman, Financial performance surrounding CEO turnover. Journal of Accounting and Economics (January-July), 1993,pp.273-315 Sapienza, H. J. and A. K. Gupta, Impact of agency risks and task uncertainty on venture capitalist-CEO interaction. The Academy of Management Journal 37(6), 1994,pp.1618-163

The Search Essay example -- Creative Writing Search and Rescue Essays

The Search   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I used to work for the F.B.I., in the Portland office. It was my childhood dream to be the one who gets the bad guy. My fiftieth birthday was in just three months. I had a wife and three children, still do, and the same job I'd had since my graduation from Quantico. We were living just outside Portland. My oldest son, John jr., was in his third year at Washington. The twins were high school seniors at this time and my pride and joy, daddy's little girls. Carolyn and I had celebrated our twenty- fifth anniversary, that's the silver one I think, the previous Thursday night. That warm July morning, I dressed for work as I had every other. Black socks and slacks, a pin striped white dress shirt, and a black jacket. I slipped on my loafers but was lost in the search for my tie. Coffee stained and still unwashed, I found it laying on the laundry room floor. I swore to myself to let Carolyn know about that. I walked into John's empty room, knowing he owned some ties. It was just as he had left it, I guess, because I'd never really gone in his room. I picked the red one he wore in his graduation pictures and slipped it over my head. I stepped into the bathroom, combed back my whitening hair, and left for the office. The early morning sun shone in through the broken blinds that I noticed hadn't been replaced as I asked. I looked over the pile of paperwork awaiting me. â€Å"Why the hell do I gotta do all these damn reports?† "Actually, you don't, not today." I turned to see a man much like myself, but older and with his piece on. He was a little taller, but with the same sagging features and large belly of my body. â€Å"I've come here to give you something new.† With that, I was handed a thick manila folder. It felt like it contained a video cassette. â€Å"All you need is in there, including my card. This is top priority, Agent Caulsworth. You will report to me on the hour with your progress. The paperwork here will wait.† The man turned and left. Outside, I heard a jet-copter quietly lift off. Funny I hadn't heard it land. I poured out the contents of the folder, the federal statement, a case history, vid cassette, and a dossier. The card that fell to the floor read 'Federal Marshall Wilson R. Franklin'. He was from the Boise office. "Must be real important for him to come all the way out here." Steve Menschke was my oldest fr... ...was the only thing that mattered to me, and he's all that's left."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I reached into my pocket and withdrew the tie. Mud concealed the red fabric. I tried to think of John. My mind strained to see his face, hear his voice. A tear rolled down my cheek and fell off my chin onto the tie. I loosened the knot and slipped it back over my head. With my sleeve, I wiped my face. I lifted the flashlight, switched it off and tossed it to him. "Take it." I turned away and started back into the world. Hendricks' team found me a few miles west of the hole. They airlifted me to the Olympia hospital. I was treated for a broken clavicle and shoulder blade, along with my ribs. The tissue damage to my back and side was extensive and I have little use of either. After two days they released me. The next day, I received a call from Franklin, in Boise. I was commended by him for putting myself on the line. He granted me early retirement, and a bonus for being injured. He asked if I might know anything about the disappearance of David Brown from his grandparents' house in the middle of the night. I told him I did not. I bid him farewell, hung up, and dialed John's number at school.

Student- Teacher relationships will improve :: essays papers

Student- Teacher relationships will improve From the very first day of school on, student- teacher relationships will be improved in smaller classes. Patricia Handley has been an elementary school teacher for twenty-eight years. She has had the opportunity to teach in both small and large classes. On the first day of teaching her first small class Handley comments, â€Å"I immediately noted their sense of importance; no one seemed lost in the crowd† (2002). In a small class, as the students enter, the teacher can take the time to greet each one. The teacher will learn the names of the children faster. The quicker the student is called by his or her name and the more individual attention they get from the teacher, the more comfortable they are going to feel expressing themselves to the teacher in a learning environment. â€Å" In a class of fifteen students, we can quickly learn about one another and do so in more depth† (Handley, 2002). Each child is an individual. Once a teacher has the chance to get to know the students, they can work to accommodate the strengths and weaknesses in the learning process. Students will have a more worthwhile learning experience Many schools throughout the nation have tried smaller classes. Members of a teaching team in Narcoossee Community School in St. Cloud, Florida have commented that when students come back from summer vacation, they are enthusiastic to see everybody and begin the learning process, more so than before the program started (McGoogan, 2001). Group discussions can be a major part of a school day. In small classes, everybody can have a chance to participate. When students are able to speak to a class in their elementary years, they will gain confidence. If they get used to contributing to class discussions, more than likely, they will hold onto that and use it as they progress through high school and college. When students are in a smaller setting, they will get to know one another better, as well as the teacher. When students are comfortable with the people around them, they will not feel shy or intimidated to raise their hands to answer a question. As students share their ideas and feelings with their peers, they will enhance their learning. They will be able to learn from what others say and they will become more interested on the topic of the discussion if they are involved in some way.

Do you agree the professional athletes such as football player and basketball player deserve high salaries to be paid? Essay

Undoubtedly, there is a long and tough way towards becoming a great and the famous sports star, not only persistent efforts but also talent are required. Few people on this field could accomplish great things like them. As a reward, they deserve a higher compensation. However, in my opinion, they are paid a crazy amount of salary that is far more than ordinary working people. A lot of money is needed for many purposes, for example, for the aid of starving people in the less economically developing counties, in building school buildings for the children in poverty mountains and help the patients regain their health. If the money that spent on the professional athletes are used on the purpose of these bare necessities of life. Thousands of people will be benefited, which is more meaningful in my opinion. In addition, there are professionals in other fields that provide the population by far much more than the professional athletes such as player of football. For example, education, essentially, is a vital key that will unlock a country’s potential. However, teachers are not paid too much. Generally, teachers are paid between 3000 to 6000 yuan a month in my city. Even those senior professor, who have years of experiences and have the respect of his students, is always paid less than 10000. Similarly, the average doctor, who have working more than 8 hours a day, earns around 5000 yuan a month. Hence, we have to pay more attention and pay more wages to them rather than the professional athletes. From those reasons, we can safely conclude that professional athletes are supposed to pay higher but moderate wages

Julias Food Booth Essay

Introduction Julia is planning to lease a food booth outside the Tech Stadium at Home Football games to finance her last year education with all the games go sold out. The rent for the booth per game is $ 1000. Julia will sell slices of Cheese Pizza, Hot Dogs and Barbecue Sandwiches which are acclaimed to be the most popular so these are the three products she has chosen to sell at the home games football stadium. The rent for oven is $ 600 for six home games, which makes it $ 100 per game. To keep things simple, Julia decided to hire an outside pizza delivery company, it seems to be cost effective and for other items she plans to prepare them the night before. Space taken by Pizza is 14† x 14†, hot dogs are 16 in/sq. and the BBQ sandwich is 25 â€Å"sq. The cost price of Pizza $6.00, or $.75 ea slice with 8 slices/pizza the hot dogs $0.45 each, and sandwiches$.90 each, respectively. The sale price of Pizza Slice is $1.50, hot dogs $1.60 and the BB-Q sandwich is $2.25. Julia’s initial investment is $1500 which would pay for the first game day; she would pay the future home games out of proceeds earned from the games. From Student Feedbacks she has learnt that she can sell as many slices of Pizza as Hot dogs and BBQ sandwich’s combined. She feels she can sell twice as many hot dogs as she can the BBQ sandwich’s. Julia believes that she can make at least $1000 net profit after expenses are paid per game. Objective Function Objective here is to maximize the profit. Profit is calculated for each variable by subtracting cost from the selling price. Pizza. Cost $6 / 8 = $ 0.75 (Cost per slice) Z =$0.75 x1 +$.45Ãâ€"2 + $.90 x3. Profit per: $.75/slice pizza, $1.15/hot dog $ 1.35/BBQ Sandwich Sales Price: $2.25 $ 1.60 $ 1.50 Sale Price: 3x/Sandwich; 2x/ Hot dog and 1x/pizza slice. Decision Variables Constraints: Budget Constraint: 0.75Ãâ€"1 + 0.45Ãâ€"2 + .90Ãâ€"3 2Ãâ€"3 x2 – 2Ãâ€"3 => 0 If extra help @$100/game = $100/x6 Non Negative Restrictions: x1, x2 , x3 all are >= 0 Final Model Maximize Total Profit: Z = 0.75Ãâ€"1 + 0.45Ãâ€"2 + .90Ãâ€"3 = 0 D. Over all with the expenses of food supplies, oven leasing, the booth and the pay for help, she will still be far ahead in her net profit and it will be well worth the help in the end. Certainly there will be uncertainty, which is with all endeavors, but those have to be accounted for as best you can. References Taylor, B. W. (2011). Introduction to Management Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. coursehero, (2009, Apr. 13). linear programing [Msg google..com]. Message posted to http://coursehero.com/

Coaching Model Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Coaching Model - Assignment Example The task each employee undertakes plays a huge part in the realisation of an organization’s objectives. Perspectives in this case refer to factors such as values and motivations that drive the employee to perform the delegated tasks diligently. Apparently, in an organization where workers lack motivation from the top management fails to meet its target objectives compared to an organization that boasts of motivated employees. Process refers to the manner that dictates performance of tasks such as working as a team with an intention of improving performance. An employer must ensure that his or her employees exhibit a sense of purpose and understand their delegated roles within the organization. Gray (2010) substantiates that employees with a sense of personal direction usually exhibit high performance levels. Managers need to embark on improving workers motivation such as offering fringe benefits to them because high motivation levels translate to greater employee productivity. Lastly, a manager must develop effective process within the organization such as in service training of employees because highly trained employees usually exhibit high productivity within the

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Supply chain management - Essay Example Transformation. Another key strategy is that Zara keeps tight control and flexibility over every link in its supply chain, keeping the bulk of manufacturing in-house rather than outsourcing them. While other companies begin with the designers who plan a year in advance, Zara store managers monitor what is selling daily and track current sales trends. They feed information on what customers need but can’t find to designers who create the designs and have them manufactured instantly. Throughout its process, the ‘fast fashion’ concept enables designs to reach production in two weeks, and has been imitated by Forever 21, Mango, and Topshop (Hansen, 2012). Output. As for distribution, Zara does this exclusively through their own stores because they desire to control the customer’s entire experience. Its Just-in-time system was developed in collaboration with Toyota Motor thus enhancing its control. Smaller batches of clothing are delivered to stores, to project an image of exclusivity to attract customers, and precluding the need to conduct bargain sales to move mass quantities of out-of-season merchandise (Capell, 2008). Part B: Analyse the competitive priorities of the three apparel operations and the approaches taken to managing their supply chain Design Zara’s design phase ‘breaks all the rules’ in retail fashion by drawing ideas from the market and passing these on to its designers to create. Unlike conventional garment retailers, ideas for designs do not originate from the designers in Zara, but from the customers. Customers come into the Zara store, and if they could not find the design they wanted the store management feeds this back to headquarters for designers to work on. This system is what enables the company to realize its competitive advantages, that is, its fast development lead time to market of only two weeks, compared to six months for other companies. While the method assures Zara of a ready market f or its designs, the designers however, could only experiment within a strict and narrow margin. Hennes & Mauritz (H&M) plans and designs centrally in Sweden, based on customer demands while achieving a balance among fashion, quality and price. The designers came up with their ideas by observing fashion trends, getting inputs from employees and feedback from customers; in this last aspect, they are similar to Zara. Unlike Zara which releases its designs within two weeks after order, H&M released its designs by seasons, in two main collections and several subcollections. Designing begins by brainstorming which involves all designers, buyers and pattern designers, a process not undertaken in Zara. Styles and designs previously successful and unsuccessful are deliberated on and a look of the year is decided upon. The result is that many designs brainstormed do not reach production. The design method of H&M is organized and shows planning, deliberation, and joint collaboration between bu yers and designers, but it is time consuming and inefficient compared to Zara’s two week development to market system. Benetton’s designs depend to a large degree on their designers’ diverse backgrounds and cultures. Designing is organized

Catheter associated urinary tract infections Term Paper

Catheter associated urinary tract infections - Term Paper Example . The use of the urinary catheter has some side effects such as kidney failure or even weakening of the body’s general defense mechanism. The kidneys are responsible for filtering the urine so as to make urine, and when there is an infection, especially an untreated infection, it might lead to kidney failure. This tube is usually used when there a person cannot urinate on their own, and hence this tube is inserted to help drain the urine. It can also be used when there is need and essence to establish the amount of urine that a person’s body makes, especially when the person is hospitalized. The tube can also be used when carrying out kidney and bladder tests, and when performing some surgeries (Gotelli et al, 2008). This tube has been associated with urinary tract infections, with some of the signs of the infections being blood in urine, frequent but painful urination after the catheter has been removed and lower abdominal pain. The use of catheter tubes is at times co nsidered a risk to patient safety due to the high rate of infections. The tube provides a more direct access for bacteria and other infectious organisms into the bladder (Bernard, Hunter and Moore, 2012). The after and long term effects of the use of the catheter tube might be very adverse, and this necessitates the need for a solution, an alternative or an intervention. Intervention The adverse effects resulting from the use of the urinary tract catheter shows that there is need for intervention. In this case, the suggested intervention to aid in the reduction of the effects is proposed in several ways. The use of indwelling catheters use only follow after the patients records have been checked and it has been determined that it is a must for the catheter to be used (Bernard, Hunter and Moore, 2012). If there is another way of administering treatment without using the tube on the patient, then this should be adopted. It also follows that the catheter should be removed from the pati ent’s body as soon as possible to minimize the chances of infection. In addition, the direct staff and all nurses should ensure that they are properly trained on handling the catheter. This includes frequent and thorough washing of hands before and after handling the catheter. Gotelli et al (2008) clearly propose that the se of external catheters in intermittent urethral catherization might be part of the intervention. Urethral catherization is very sensitive and is among the leading causes of urinary tract infections. By the health staff gaining enough competence concerning how to handle and use the catheter, chances are that the cases of the infection might probably reduce. The doctors and other health staff have become too used to the urinary tract infections such that introducing the intervention might not be too easy (Gotelli et al, 2008). Competence Outcome and Performance Assessment model To investigate and potentially assess the interventions, the Competence Outcomes and Performance Outcome theoretical approach and framework shall be used. This model has been earlier on been applied in academic and non-academic institutions, and has succeeded in works environment, especially the health industry since it is encourages adopting the environment in contemporary living (Lenburg, 1999). It is a model that seeks not to change the traditional way of learning but to make learning, in all academic and

Dangers of social networking for employees Research Paper

Dangers of social networking for employees - Research Paper Example However, social networks also brought many challenges in the organizational world. The misuse of social networks by the employees is causing big headache to the organizational world. Employees are spending too much time in front of the social networks and failing to complete their routine works in time. They are providing vital company information to the competitors knowingly or unknowingly through social networks. Competitors are exploiting the possibilities of social networks to know the business secrets of organizations through employees. It is necessary for the organisations to regulate the activities of employees in social networks. The traps existing in the social networks are unaware to many of the employees. Employees should be encouraged or trained to use the social network in a judicious manner while working in an organization. This paper analyses the dangers raised by social networks to the employees. Dangers of social networking for employees (Tomexy, 2011) At the time of introduction of social networks such as twitter, Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, Skype etc, nobody thought that it may affect human life as it does now. Initially the purposes of social media were; spending leisure time, relaxation, enjoyment and instant communication etc. However, after few years from introduction, social media have changed everything. It is difficult to describe the influence of social media on current human life in few words. Virtually, all the segments of current human life are influenced by social media now. Irrespective of culture, race, gender, age or socioeconomic background, people from all parts of the world are interested in social media activities. However, teenagers and employees are more active in social media websites. Social media bring lot of opportunities to the business people and teenagers. At the same time, it brings lot of challenges also. Business is one segment in which social media brings lot of opportunities as well as challenges. Social netwo rking marketing spending has been increased a lot in the past. According to a report, it has increased from $884 million to $2.34 billion in between the period 2007-2009 (Dickey & Lewis, 2010, p.140). Currently, organizations are utilizing social media not only for the recruitment of employees, but also for marketing products and services as well. Social media brought lot of opportunities to the employee community. It is easy for them to share their thoughts and relieve their personal and professional stresses through social networks. However, there are plenty of dangers hiding in social media for an employee. Many of the social media savvy employees in the past suffered a lot from social media. If not used judiciously and carefully, social media can bring more harm than good to an employee. This paper analyse the dangers involved in social media as far as an employee is concerned. Discussion Unlike many other media or channels of communication, social media has the ability to furni sh two-way communication. It should be noted that television and newspaper like communication channels are incapable of helping people in interacting each other instantly. Instant two way communication is good as well as bad as a far as employee is concerned. Instant two way communication helps employees to get the feedback or vital information from the other end quickly and take decisions based on that. However, while performing two way communication, employees often forget about the value of time and they may forget other important matters as well. Most of the employees engage in casual talks with others along with the professional matters while they use social media for communication. Casual talks often end up in waste of

Brady v Norman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Brady v Norman - Essay Example His stint was cut short, however, when he got into a scuffle with the President of ASLEF, Mr. Samways on 20th May 2004 at a barbecue. After five days, he was suspended. In July of that same year, he was accused of forgery for signing a cheque in the name of the Assistant General Secretary, with the latter’s consent and knowledge. In August 2004, he was dismissed as General Secretary using the forgery and the barbecue scuffle as grounds. A claim for unfair dismissal was brought against the ASLEF by Mr. Brady, and the Employment Tribunal ruled in his favour. Upon appeal before the Employment Appeal Tribunal, the appeal was likewise dismissed. However, on June 5, 2006, the respondent Mr. Norman, who was the General Secretary voted to replace Mr. Brady, uttered these words before the ASLEF†S Annual Assembly of Delegates on 5th June 2006. The following words were made the basis of the defamation charge brought by Mr. Brady against Mr. Norman: â€Å"†¦ the facts are, Con ference, that the General Secretary was involved in a fight; the General Secretary was forging cheques and it is a matter of opinion – you can draw whatever opinion you like – as to whether his actions in the media brought the Union into disrepute. What you cannot possibly walk away from is that he was involved in a fight with the then President, and he forged cheques. ... Mr. Brady was awarded indemnity because the following words were deemed libellous: â€Å"ASLEF conference delegates declined to debate a proposition calling for former General Secretary Mr Brady to address Conference, coupled to efforts to consider his reinstatement. They felt it was pointless to discuss â€Å"a past era†. One compelling reason was that the Certification Officer had ruled the previous week that Mr Brady had legitimately been excluded from ASLEF membership for bringing the Union into disrepute. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ 3 However, the words spoken during the Assembly (the first quoted paragraph) did not come to the knowledge of Mr. Brady until September 2008. In 2009, or when the first libel action was concluded, Mr. Brady brought suit for defamation. Under the Defamation Act 2006, the statute of limitations to bring suit runs for only one year, and this likewise appears in section 4A of the Limitation Act 1980 as amended. Mr. Brady filed a Part 8 claim seeking disapplica tion of the one-year limit. Section 32A of the 1980 Act â€Å"enables the court to disapply section 4A if it appears to the court that it would be equitable to allow the action to proceed having regard to the degree to which the time limit prejudices the claimant and to the degree to which disapplying the time limit would prejudice the defendant.4† The Master ruled against disapplying the time limit and consequently moved to dismiss the claim, ruling that doing so would be prejudicial to the defendant. The case is then brought up on Appeal. Point of Law: The crux of the issue on appeal is whether or not there is merit in waiving the time limit in the case under Section 32A, considering that the jurisprudence

The Effects of IDD (Intervertebral Differential Dynamics) Theapy Dissertation

The Effects of IDD (Intervertebral Differential Dynamics) Theapy - Dissertation Example It covers about 200 hours of practical exposure to interesting clinical therapies, experiences that I could not get from my classroom. During the internship, I treated a patient for spinal injury using IDD. This paper is about the effects of Invertebrate Differential Dynamic (IDD) Therapy on Spinal injuries. 3 Literature Review Several studies have been carried out in the area of using non-clinical therapies to cure spinal cord injuries or chronic low back pain in medical and clinical practices. This effort is essential in reducing the amount of exposure patients have to clinical operations, and promote natural wellness even in the medical field. Low Back Pain and Spinal Injury Low back pain has become a prevalent condition that reportedly affects about 40% in the United States within a specified period of one month interval. This statistics points to seriousness of this situation as it prevents adult population from contributing enough at their respective workplaces (Deyo et al., 20 06). However, it is worrisome that most of the low back pain (LBP) suffered by people today have no apparent pathoanatomic cause; and this has increased the grave concern among practitioners as they scramble to find the best treatment for LBP. Although, the known cause of low back pain is the disorder of the lumbar intervertebral disks which often leads to irritation of the lumbar nerve roots. —a known symptom of spinal injury. Research findings have revealed that nerve root linkage is responsible for exactly 10% cases of low back pain with a projected prevalence range starting from 12% to 43% (Stafford et al., 2007). Understandably, the low back pain caused by involvement of nerve root (spinal injury) has been found to only responsible for a fraction of low back pain; other related factors include but are not restricted to severe symptoms, increased danger of becoming a chronic LBP and the absence of work or failure 4 to cater for the condition due to lack of sufficient fina ncial capability (Konstantinou and Dunn, 2008). Treating low back pain and spinal injury Previously, patients suffering from

Ethical Issues in Management Essay Example for Free

Ethical Issues in Management Essay Every so often we hear the phrase â€Å"Business is business and a cup of tea is a cup of tea†. The contemporary business managers think quite on the contrary. Morals and ethics are the new paradigm and have taken the driving seat in the day to day working of the Management. Ethics contains code of conduct for a person to blend with others keeping in view the righteousness and goodness of the trade; whereas, morals are not primarily written but acted upon by most of society with rectitude. The modern manager faces several issues on the moral and ethical front as more teamwork is required to accomplish collective goals. Fraud, discrimination, nepotism, false marketing in advertorial manner is the name of the game for unethical pseudo professionals and to cope with them always remain a challenge for the socially and ethically responsible manager. The moral values of a professional lie deep within, starting with the core communications between his superiors, peers and subordinates. The levelheaded working style of a manager speaks volume of not only his good ethical behavior but also keen sense of judgment and ability to lead his subordinates in a fair and square manner. An ethically responsible manager not only tells people what to do but shows them how to do it. A Manager must be the role model to other employees of the company; therefore, he is accountable for the training and guidance of his coworkers and associates. The management must device an ethical education management and assessment of behavioral integrity of the employees to extract more productivity (Wankel, 2011). It is rightly said that â€Å"Charity begins at home†, the same is applied to morals of the management. Ethically responsible management practices enforced by a company ensure that the company declines any shady business practices and eventually fraudulent functioning of the employees. The old business model has drastically changed over the years as accountability and transparency have become norms of progressive business (Carroll, 2012). In this context, the burden on the shoulders of whistles blowers have increased radically. They should be encouraged to report organizational misconduct in any form or manifestation. It is the responsibility of the management to encourage its employees to report any fraud or delinquency. Fortification of the whistle blower from coworkers is the responsibility of the company also which in return shall endorse the trust of the employees on the management. There are many example of ethical dilemma which arises due to the fact that the people in power not realize the repercussion of their decisions. Although society gives so much for the business to prosper, mostly none is returned to the society. A classical example would be the industrial waste coming out of a process industry which gravely affects the flora and fauna of the milieu. The decision of the management to spill industrial drainage without treatment is a solemn ethical breach. The environmental agencies have formalized various codes and standards like OSHAS which should have been followed prior to any drainage of detrimental waste water. Ethically responsible management practices and social issues bear close rapport. Hence the management must always have an insight to resolve these issues as they are always involved in dealing with the community directly or indirectly related to the business. The managers may have to take stern decisions to alleviate unethical demeanor yet it is bound to return back in folds.

Quorum Sensing And Its Importance To Biotechnology

Quorum Sensing And Its Importance To Biotechnology Quorum sensing offers potential to create engineered bacteria capable of invading cancer cells. It is possible to envision the creation of novel anti-cancer therapeutics by the addition of cancer-destructing modules to these microbial biosensors. Another application of QS and quorum quenching lies in the creation of transgenic plants that are able to defend themselves against common bacterial pathogens. It plays a main role in controlling a diversity of microbial cell activities, such as biofilm formation and virulence that considerably impact human health, agriculture, and commercial production and transport systems. Quorum sensing is cell-to-cell communication in bacteria have ability to control development, sporulation, and antibiotic synthesis also virulence factor induction, cell differentiation, moreover nutrient flux along with extra physiological events in pathogenic bacterial infections. Scientists now a days creating more possible benefits from quorum sensing and off course there is lots of potential development for advancement in 2011ranging from marine to human disorders. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Several unicellular microorganisms use smallsignaling molecules to find out their local concentration. The processes involved in the production and recognitionof these signals are generally known as quorum sensing (QS). Unicellular microorganisms to manage their activities use this kind of cell-to-cell communication, which allows them to work as multi-cellular systems. Newly, several groups have confirmed artificial intraspeciesand inter-species communication through synthetic circuits, which incorporate components of bacterial QSsystems. Engineered QS-based circuits have a broad range of applications such as production of biochemicals, tissueengineering, also mixed-species fermentations. They are also extremely useful in designing microbial biosensors toidentify bacterial species present in the environment andinside living organisms. In this articlethe different ways inwhich researchers have designed QS-based circuits andtheir applications in biotechnology are explained. A decade ago, the secretion and perception of minorsignalling molecules that in turn are transduced tocoordinate behavior of a smallest unit of microorganisms was named quorum sensing by EP Greenberg with colleagues. Ever since then, an exponential growth in understanding and occurrence of quorum-sensing systemshas developed, with sightings ranging from virulence inhuman along with plant pathogens to degradative capacity ofactivated sludge. Not amazingly, regulatory mechanisms span traditional inducer/repressor motifs homologous to thelac operon to the newly discovered interfering RNAs.Advance characterization of signalling circuits, coupled with creative position applications, propose a wealth of prospects for advancing commercial biotechnology(reviewed by John C March and William E Bentley 2004). Researchers in biotechnology continuously seek new platforms from which to address problems: manifesto that, in a broad sense, improve efficacy, while maintaining or intensifying specificity. Most freshly, microbial quorum sensing has emerged as such a technology. Because microbial communities absorb a small space, concentrations of extracellular signalling molecules build up, providing motivation for unique and various cellular responses along with protection from rival microbial communities. Referred to as quorum sensing for its regularly reported and concurrent dependence on high population density (Joyce EA et al 2004), extracellular signalinggives a novel basis for control over molecular also cellular processes along with population behaviour, possibly in a manner more reliable with that of native physiology. Quorum sensing might be the base upon which the more complicated intracellular communication found in advanced level organisms has evolved. Defining quorum sensing Quorum Sensing considered a signalling molecule, a compound has to result a reaction in a population of cells that is different from the approach in which the cells would perform independently. There are two types of quorum sensing: species- specific and interspecies. Species-specific quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria is intercede by acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) with numerous moieties distinguishing signals between species (Fuqua C, Parsek MR, Greenberg EP 2001). In Gram- positive bacteria, species-specific quorum sensing is generallyassist through small peptides Figure1.Structure of bacterial Quurom sensing signals. Gram-negative bacteria like V.Fischeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa use acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as signals. The structure of mature AIP-I (from Staphylococcus aureus) is shown as a representative of the translationally derived auto-inducing peptides (AIPs) used by Gram-positive bacteria as signals for QS.Source- Functions of quorum sensing Quorum sensing is supposed to control ability development, sporulation, and antibiotic synthesis also virulence factor induction, cell differentiation, and nutrient flux along with extra physiological events in pathogenic bacterial infections (Cvitkovitch DGGreenberg EP,Yarwood JM,2003).More lately, quorum sensing was connected through proteomic analysis to increased pathogenic ability in tubercular strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Arevalo-Ferro C, et all 2004) Webb and co-workers (Webb JS, et al 2003), reviewed work on programmed cell death plusmicro colony differentiation in biofilms. As biofilms age, cellular differentiation and death improve nutrient sequestration and allow for bio- film sustenance when nutrients become limited. Though the functions of cell differentiation and programmed cell death are actually at odds, they can be described as an evolutionary progressionthat allows biofilms of prokaryotes to perform and adapt as multiceewllular organisms, a behavior that emerges to be matched through quorum sensing (Webb JS, et al 2003). CHAPTER 2 Applications of Quorum sensing in biotechnology Components of bacterial QS systems form an important part of many artificial genetic circuits that control phenomena such as bistable behavior, pulse response, spatio-temporal control of gene expression, and population control (Purnick and Weiss 2009). In this section, the applications of engineered QS systems for the production of biochemicals, tissue engineering, and mixed- species fermentations are highlighted (Fig. 2). Detailed explanation ofcurrent progress in building QS-based microbial biosensors and QS-based biocontrol are given. Lastly, discussion of QS inhibition as a viable strategy for the decline of biofouling is given. Also different applications of QS in biotechnology are given. Engineered Quorum Sensing systems The promisingfield of synthetic biology seeks to generatenovel biological systems by applying the fundamental engineering principles of standardization and hierarchical abstraction to GE engineering (Purnick and Weiss 2009). This method allows designers to build and optimize compound genetic circuits that perform new functions, such as DNA-damage-induced biofilm formation and preservation of synthetic ecosystems (Balagadde et al. 2008; Kobayashi et al. 2004). Various genetic modules can be included into complex gene networks also called genetic systems or devicesusing a plug-and-play strategy (Kobayashi et al. 2004). These gene networks are then commenced into a well-characterized, steady host cell known as a chassis, which supplies the essential raw materials and support machinery. Operation of the artificial genetic device imparts new functionalities to the host and makes a microbial cell factory that is capable of performing preferred tasks. Autoinducers are very useful as input signals as they are little, diffuse freely in aqueous media, and are simply taken up through cells. As the engineered cells synthesize QS signals by themselves, they are able to watch their own cell density with modulate their activities appropriately, thereby falling the need for outerprotection(Brenner et al. 2007). Scientists have devised QS-inducible mammalian genetic circuits by mixing bacterial QS receptors with either a eukaryotic transactivation domain or with a eukaryotic transcription repressor domain (reviwed from Neddermann et al. 2003; Weber and Fussenegger 2009; Weber et al. 2005; Weber et al. 2003; Williams et al. 2004).These synthetic gene regulation systems will have functions in drug discovery, tissue engineering, and also industrial production of biochemicalsduring mammalian cell culture. Consumption of a bistable switch module gives a pointed(ON or OFF) or binary profile of aim gene expression depending on the store concentration. Engineered QS systems including bistable switches are probable to be extremely useful in industrial production of toxic gene products and in designing environmental biosensors. Scientistshave used components of the V. fischeri Quorum Sensing system to engineer spatio-temporally keeping up cell to cell communication in E. coli (Basu et al. 2004). Depending on the comparative distribution of Sender and Receiver cells in a 2-D matrix, different reporter formats such as bullseye, ellipse, oval, heart, and clover were formed. Moreexpansion of this research into programming spatial patterning in 3-D will have applications in biosensing, tissue engineering, plus fabrication of biomaterials. Quorum Sensing like cell-to-cell communication systems have also been developed by using metabolites, antibiotics, hormonesor volatile compounds to give signals to extract a cell-density dependent population-wide reactions (Bulter et al. 2004; Chen and Weiss 2005; Weber et al. 2007). The capacity to develop QS type communication systems using non-Quorum Sensing signals considerablygrows the design possibilities for genetic engineering systems. Through inserting the producing signal components in one species, and the receptor in another, scientists have engineered inter and intra-kingdom communications among bacteria, yeast, plants, and mammalian cells (Balagadde et al. 2008; Brenner et al. 2007; Weber et al. 2007). Depending on the planned synthetic communication device, relationships like predator-prey, commensalism, mutualism, amensalismand parasitism were producedamong the communicating species. Different from engineering inter-species communication, Quorum Sensing based genetic devices can control diverse features of mixed-species fermentations. Forcase, basedon QS population control circuits can be used to manage the cell densities of the contributing species (You et al. 2004). Based on QS gene-expression circuits can also be used to initiate expression of mark genes when the cell densities of contributing species reach a definite threshold (Brenner et al. 2007). At present, the majority of the engineered QS devices are built on Gram-negative AHL systems, which, as stated previously, are absolutely unreliable. Various applications of Quorum Sensing: Biosensors An interesting application of Quorum Sensing is in the engineering of whole cell microbial biosensors to distinguish pathogenic microbes present in the environment with diseased host organisms. Quorum Sensing have also been used to produce engineered bacteria capable of attacking cancer cells. It is probable to visualize the creation of new anti-cancer therapeutics by the addition of cancer-destructing elements to these microbial biosensors. Another function of QS and quorum quenching lies in the designing of transgenic plants that are able to protect themselves against general bacterial pathogens. Pathogen diagnostics and therapeutics The majority of the whole cell QS biosensors that have been explained so far recognize Gram-negative AHLs (Kumari et al. 2008; Steindler and Venturi 2007). A standard AHL biosensor contains an AHL responsive transcriptional regulator also a cognate promoter, which directs the transcription of a reporter gene. It has been recommended that QS signals only can be used as markers for the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in clinical and environmentalsamples. Thus, QS signals should not be engaged as the only inputs for microbial biosensors. However, Quorum sensing based amplification circuits can still be used to engineer biosensing circuits to find the occurrence of pathogenic microbes in contaminated groundwater products, dairy, and meat products. Upcoming design directions willinclude the formation of ingestible whole cell biosensors by launching QS-based bio- sensing devices into GRAS organisms such as lactic acid bacteria(Konings et al. 2000). Such diagnostic biosensors would be muc h useful in identifying the existence of pathogens in the gut micro flora. So collecting these resultsbring up the exciting possibility that future QS-based microbial biosensors may possibly not only detect pathogens, but also increase a concerted reaction against them. Cancer detection The P. aeruginosa Quorum Sensing signal 3-oxo-C12- HSL reduces proliferation alsoinduceapoptosis breast cancer cell lines in human(Li et al. 2004). Biocontrol The rhizosphere is a limited region of soil that surroundings a plants roots and is affected by secretions from the root also soil microbes in the vicinity. Quorum sensing bacteria form amain component of the rhizosphere community. Scientists have also engaged quorum-quenching enzymes to decrease bacterial virulence against plants. This researchproposes that engineering the production also secretion of quorum- quenching enzymes into plants and plant-associated microbes can also serve as a crop protection plan. Though, QS systems also controlnecessary functions in useful rhizosphere bacteria, as well as biofilm formation, antibiotic production, and nitrogen fixation (Muller et al. 2009; Sanchez-Contreras et al. 2007). More research is therefore essential to understand the promising effects of quorum quenching on plant biochemical pathways. In brief, while quorum quenching is an attractive approach for biocontrol, more research isessential to demonstrate its safety and efficacy. Prevention of biofouling Biofouling is the increase of bacteria, algae;also animals like protozoans and crustaceans on surfaces that prolonged contact with water. Biofouling can happen on surfaces as assorted as pipes, tanks, ship hull, membrane bioreactors, medical or dental implants, and catheters. This unwantedgrowth of living organisms and their secretions lead to contamination, colonization, also corrosion of machine parts expose to water and reduce machine efficiency. Incorporation of Quorum Sensing inhibitors on the device surface is a possible strategy for declining P. aeruginosa biofouling of surgical implants. QS inhibition may be used to givedefense against many pathogens that rely on QS to start biofilm development. Recombinant gene expression Possibly one of the exciting areas for research in quorum sensing is the synthesis of recombinant gene products withmetabolic engineering. Quorum sensing has been used to control gene expression and cellular growth. Brief reviews by Toniatti et al. (Toniatti C, et al 2004) discusssome of the progress in control of gene expression through the perceptions of possible gene therapy applications. Pathogen/pest management Pathogen and pest (i.e. some organism whose existence in a specific environment is undesirable) management include most of the present applications of quorum-sensing technology. Inhibition of quorum signalling is theevident and, in practice, most appreciated application of quorum-sensing knowledge. CHAPTER 3 New technologies in Quorum Sensing The discovery of antibiotics early in the past century marked the beginning of active control and prevention of infectious microbial diseases. However, extensive use of antibiotics has also unavoidably resulted in the emergence of superbugs that resist conventional antibiotics. The finding that many pathogens rely on cell-to-cell communication mechanisms, known as quorum sensing, to synchronize microbial activities essential for infection and survival in the host suggests a promising disease control strategy, i.e. quenching microbial quorum sensing or in short, quorum quenching. Work over the past few years has demonstrated that quorum-quenching mechanisms are widely conserved in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. These naturally occurring quorum-quenching mechanisms appear to play important roles in microbe-microbe and pathogen-host interactions and have been used, or served as lead compounds, in developing and formulating a new generation of antimicrobials. An advance study of bacterial quorum sensing process can facilitate development of novel technologies intended at interfering with bacterial communication and virulence. The term quorum sensing explains the capability of a microorganism to recognize and response to diffusible signal molecules. Bacterial cells sense their inhabitants density by a complicated cell-to-cell communication system also triggers expression of exact genes. Quorum sensing in Seaweeds Explaining this title, the quorum sensing is wider spread among bacterial population then was previously thought, in Gram positive, Gram-negative bacterial communication. Followed by this numerous researchers have concluded that in Gram negative bacteria acyl-homoserine lactone is dependable for the cell to cell communication system. In gram-positive bacteria peptide and derivative peptide based signaling molecules appear to be the main mode of communication. Throughout high cell density the marine bacteria can produce enzymes, surfactants, toxins, antibiotics by the chemical signal communication. Marine epibiotic bacteria are also identified to produce compounds active beside drug resistant hospital pathogen by the cross species induction process. Austin described in building on assays (Billaud and Austin 1990) a screening method has been developed in which marine bacteria are confront by exposing them to terrestrial bacteria prior to assay of antimicrobial compounds. Therefore, in currentstudies it is proposed to search the abilities of seaweed epibiotic bacterial organisms to createantibacterial compounds by quorum sensing. Theseconclusions have important consequences for the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds from marine bacteria and might allow the growth of novelprocess for screening new compounds eff ective against multidrug resistant bacteria. CHAPTER 4 Conclusion Quorum Sensing plays a main role in controlling a diversity of microbial cell activities, like biofilm formation and virulence, that considerably impact human health, agriculture, marine, commercial manufacture and transport systems. As mentioned in above applications of QS there are many areas that are fully touched by QS method. Therefore, significant research efforts are needed to understanding Quorum Sensing and the growth of strategies to disrupt and influence Quorum Sensing. Our understanding of quorum-sensing mechanisms currently restricts applications for quorum sensing. Though there has been progress made in the use of quorum sensing, more understanding of quorum functionality is necessary before the control of this tool can be completely raised. However, the full-scale management of the bacterial quorum circuit in a biotechnological application yet to be an unconvinced goal. More studyand deep research is needed to uncover andthe details of QS in a diversity of microbial species, with Gram- positive bacterias and fungis. The task of QS in microbial populations, with Quorum Sensing crosstalk and signal specificity, is another significant area of research and study that will influence strategies to prevent biofilm formation and for biocontrol. Quorum sensing seems to be a distinctive example of how the exploitation of bacteria cell-to-cell communication in biotechnology can be used to significantly drive the growth and development of medicine, diagnosis tics, therapies and gene control. For sure, it will influence every part of biology, with novel research and technologies in science world.